Gustavo Diaz Ordaz

Gustavo Diaz Ordaz took possession of the Mexican presidency. Problems with United States proved minimal, unless the issue of fishing rights in mexico litorales.En had found a system is unique, mixed with their own path and their own solutions, which pretended to be a happy medium between capitalism and socialism, however actually was a concerted coexistence between private and state capitalism. In 1964 many were growing problem: poverty in the country, emigration to large cities and EU, ecological devastation, rampant overpopulation, dependecia to empresaprivada eul and Mexican foreign debt ADDICTIVE, illustration distorted and unfair distribution of wealth. In the direction of the PRI remained CARLOSA. Madrazo, in April 1965 he fought in front madrazo the reelection of deputies and shortly after setout out rechazado.madrazo achievement nullify the "internal elections as" to avoid friends QE candidates that are to be appointed governor. Sanchez however Celiz habilito presentolabatalla and your favorite independent candidates for election under these win. In the second half of 1965, and had madrazo against governors, chiefs, leaders, deputies and senators, who movian to throw the PRI. President Diaz Ordaz his resignation and asked him this the present and stay out of circulation in the national life.


Political Aspects:


The President continued with stabilizing development


It was said qe democracy as governments had emanated from elections.


-Cultural Aspects:


In 1964, private initiative and understanding of government was almost total.


- Economic Aspects:


The balance of payments caused problems, but the credits flowed outside time.





The economic problems did not seem so pressing.

Adolfo Ruiz Cortinez

December 1, 1958

Today was my first day as president, I am very happy though that Ruiz Cortines left some unfinished business as the issue of workers demanding higher wages and union autonomy, and also other protests I have to continue with economic development within monetary stability despite considerable economic crisis that preceded me , for that reason I will have to limit imports and replace as much as possible and also to raise tariffs and lower public spending . I 've taken on the task of electing members to support me throughout my career as president : In economics chose Raul Salinas Lozano , Manuel Tello in External relations, in governance to Gustavo Diaz Ordaz, Jaime Torres Boder in education, also Ernesto Urunchurtu and Donato Miranda Fonseca who occupied the presidential secretary to coordinate the programs and expenditures of state agencies .

December 1958

Today I had my first conflict as president, a member of PAN  Jose Castillo Molina came up with the bright idea to mount the rostrum of the House of Representatives and insult to Miguel Aleman , Ruiz Cortines and me , the good thing was that Jose Ortiz Avila us defended who threatened to use his weapon. This day was very tired

January 1959

Waking up to the news that the dictator Fulgencio Batista fled Cuba and end July 26 movement by Fidel Castro Ruiz has triumphed and established in Havana. This new change is not only that I hope will bring consequences that are not problems in this nation.

Again there are problems with the national railway workers , Fidel Velazquez asked for a 25 % increase and threatened to launch strikes and given the task of saying that Mexico was world champion in unfair distribution of wealth, which no price controls useless and earnings are held by only 25 companies , before this Vallejo called for increased tariffs to favor foreign businessmen but both secretary Eduardo Bustamante heritage railway as director Benjamin Mendez objected because this would entail to affect Mexican companies.

Things are getting worse with the railroad and this month I have to revise the collective agreement. This time they asked for an increase of 16.66 % , also an anchor savings and housing or an increase to the payment of rent, according Vallejo if rates increase could operate without losses, could have a surplus and could accede to the demands of the railroad .

This afternoon Vallejo came to introduce a plan for restructuring railroads in which he proposes a new board of directors consisting of people who knew of transport and to not think of monetary benefits, increased rates and reforms to foreign loans , I just listen to him and said I need think about this problem

The days pass and the press is increasingly against Vallejo that is said to have been reinstated to the notorious communist is a social solvent, I have come to a solution regarding your requests.

February 1959

For these days Vallejo 's reputation is on the floor and have announced that they are going to allow the demonstration organized by the railroad .

February 23

Railways refused to grant a fee increase sought by the union and rumor had an arrest warrant against Vallejo

February 25

Despite the threats, Vallejo and his followers continued to plan, I do not know what is waiting for federal board of conciliation and arbitration to fix this.

February 26

Today we signed an agreement granting the increase of 16.66 % , medical services, housing development and the company promised to restructure and implement new tariffs this reassured to Vallejo and his followers

March 1959

The peace was short because for unknown reasons the executive SNTFRM not include the Mexican Railway , Pacific and Veracruz terminal to calm your requests are included under the same solutions but does not accept Ferrocarril Mexicano , come see new confrontations

March 25

As today assumed a new strike broke part of Mexican and Pacific Railroads What steps should I take?

March 26

The answer is : Repression, workers are fired Railway 8000 and 5000 the Mexican Pacific and replace it with new staff.

March 28

Today 's total unemployment throughout the rail system , negotiations and Solomon morning Vallejo Gonzales have not done any , as before usare Repression, there is no choice , I command afternoon arrest Vallejo and his followers.

March 29

Today the press announcement by the police , elements of the federal army and the judicial police apprehended 300 social troublemakers led by Vallejo

April 1959

Vallejo was charged with crimes to Lecumberri social dissolution , attacks on means of communication, attacks on the national economy, coercion and threats against the authorities against the company

May 1959

Finally he gave Ferrocarrilero conflic0o solution without its main leader they no longer pose a critical threat . Now we must make a renewal of staff -

I have appointed as chief Rafael Galvan PRI labor sector and now as leader of the oil to stay Joaquin Hernandez Galicia

It also resolved the conflict with the Airline Pilots Association officially recognized and they could establish relationships with other companies worthy

June 1959

With the above conflicts resolved now if I can devote myself to the restoration of the economy, so I have to modify the Executive Powers Act on economic well I will can determine what goods and services will be monitored and may fix maximum prices for wholesale and retail

July to December 1959

In these months I have spent more investment, divided the Secretary of Finance Secretaries of Revenue, Expenses and Credits , I have also managed to balance the balance of payments , I decreased the cost in the area of ​​health , I reinforced the electricity infrastructure , steel and oil, I also realized that private enterprise would not undertake the petrochemical so I assumed that responsibility , the auto industry grew and new companies like Datsun suit . Mercedes Benz and VW

January 1960

My image has deteriorated social repression lately but I used PRI leader Alfonso Corona del Rosal has defined my left atinad government and to avoid confusion the Mexican people.

The statement del Rosal has caused much scandal so today I had to say that my government is left wing but within the constitution

Apparently this statement caused the opposite effect from what I 've noticed that increasingly employers put more obstacles to pursue their investments in this country and have begun to take their capital

We carried out a national census and my great concern urban areas are becoming more inhabited rural change in the population is scarce, this suggests that they are moving to big cities or even worse go to the U.S.

February 1960

With the lack of transportation system we have developed new forms of transportation such as the use of transportation or collective taxis , called ¨peseros¨ ¨ cocodrilos ¨  and ¨cotorras ¨ circulating on the streets , definitely the Mexican people is endowed imagination to it of the names.

March 1960

It 's time to expand perspective and more personal relationships with members of Latin America , I love traveling and I will enjoy this assignment .

August 1960

So far I have traveled to the United States , South America , the Caribbean , Europe , India , Japan , Indonesia , Philippines , Yugoslavia and Egypt. Call Me ¨Lopez Paseos ¨ , ¨ Jefe Mangotas ¨ or ¨ Jefe manitas ¨. Apparently Mexico never be happy with my choices and why I do it for your sake

September 1960

Lately I've been problems with David Siqueiros , apparently I am not to his liking and passes discrediting me , saying I'm a traitor to the country and I have a right wing government and outside the constitution and the worst is that I this defaming to other countries, I have to put a stop

September 9, 1960

Today was coincidentally arrested Siqueiros social dissolution

 I think I made a mistake with Siqueiros because now it turns out that international companies calling for their release and fill me with insults.

I have to do something to try to make up for my mistakes and I have to act now!

I received some complaints about the service of light , fails to cities or towns in need, is a smart way to act , that is why as created by the Federal Electricity Commission ( CFE ) and now I have to get rid of Mexlight and the American Foreign Power

Well, with $ 400 million has been Light ¨Mexicanized¨

This by the end of the year , and I 've continued agrarian distributions , I have established Pemex 's petrochemical industry and provided solutions to conflicts with workers and created the ISSSTE (Institute of Security and Social Services for State Workers ) and have expanded facilities Mexican social Security Institute ( IMSS ) , transforms CEIMSA ( company Mexican exporter and importer ) in Conasupo ( popular keeps national company in order to market staples

With the previously mentioned measures now I am in serious external indebtedness and private initiative remains unwilling to invest and now ?

March 1961

Just what I needed , now I have problems regarding textbooks , now attack my government because as parents we want to educate children freely and out of their religious doctrine

July 1961

More trouble! Now with the communist authorities of the Autonomous University of Puebla and because of this private initiative decree a trade boycott and stopped paying taxes until scholars communists disappeared. I have many problems and I just midterm.

I can only continue compensating through public spending and so it is not difficult because after the Cuban revolution USA provides credit provided easy access not communism

 I just gave the order not to tolerate another attempt agitation of communist thinkers with this I have gained the confidence of entrepreneurs. At last start dating again

I've noticed that while domestic firms are receiving sufficient support to grow, have not yet been able to develop its own technology and foreign technology needed to run Could I do something? Or Is it always like this?

1962

With the new economic measures laid stabilizing development known as PIB has grown and this is cause for celebration , and there is also harmony with the workers and the government has control over the entire system , now gather colleagues who were also presidents Spain: Pascual Ortiz Rubio, Emilio Portes Gil , Abelardo L Rodriguez , Lazaro Cardenas , Miguel Aleman and Adolfo Ruiz Cortines .

I've been trying to return to the national territory of the territories that were sold to the U.S., more specifically The Chamizal , I made a formal request and Kennedy sent me to wonder just how much, if what you Chamizal diplomatically replied that I was not an agent real estate that brought some other conflicts but ultimately under

1963

So far I have continued to invest in state-owned industry , petroleum , petrochemical , power and mining have also strengthened both the private and the national within manufacturing, reduces tariffs on goods and services

Today we have gathered all the countries of the continent in Uruguay , USA made ​​it very clear that he wanted everyone broke up relations with Cuba , Mexico course will not agree to their whims

Well I have reached the end of my six years straight is time presidential succession among my favorites are Antonio Ortiz Mena Secretary of the Treasury , Secretary of Donato Miranda presidency Fonseca , Javier Barros Sierra and Gustavo Diaz Ordaz by who had the most preferred but still have to do some more tests .

Today I received an invitation from Gustavo, cockfighting was crucial for me to clarify some ideas

After a sleepless night I decided tortuous! In the afternoon I met with Moreno Sanchez and said that after discarding others for one reason or another I keep Diaz Ordaz

October 1963

It's official , unanimously Diaz Ordaz is the presidential candidate

Now it will be necessary to relocate some people that might obstruct the presidential process such as Gilberto Flores Muñoz , Alfonso Ochoa and Francisco Galindo Martínez Domínguez .

July 1964

The elections are taking without a problem and I can assure the triumph , the PRI is currently the most stable and is very strong , and there are good economic growth , the private sector is safe and invest progressively

WE WIN! With 88% of votes! knew it!

 This whole process has left me exhausted but I played a good role now it is best to rest a moment because these pains left me exhausted Head

1965

Every day my situation is worse now I've lost more mobility in my left eye , I hope recovers quickly and keep writing my experiences in this medium

1966

Apparently my health does not improve, now I've lost mobility in the legs

1967

I think it will be one of the last times I write here every time I lose more mobility is now in the hands

1968

The past  President Adolfo Lopez Mateos was completely vegetative state , still has consciousness but his health is declining

September 22, 1969

The past President of the United States of Mexico has died, we keep a minute of silence in his honor...

Adolfo Ruiz Cortines was the last president who participated in the Mexican Revolution. He takes possession of the presidency on December of 1952 and this stage is known as stabilizing development.


Ruiz Cortinez want to destroy to Miguel A leman and he want to end all political about Miguel Aleman and see their government as hoping to leave behind the corruption of the previous government.


Ruiz Cortines created new laws to stop the corruption and to not follow the Aleman policies but these laws put him against the private sectors that generate a lot of problems.


Also when he began his government, President Ruiz Cortines sent a bill to amend Article 34 of the Constitution, in order to give women equal political rights with men, getting them to give the vote to Mexican women.


So also during his rule there were problems in the gap of the trade balance, so in April 1954 decreed the devaluation of the Mexican peso, whose parity increased from 8.65 to 12.50. But that so severe devaluation of the peso ensured stability for 22 years.


And he equipped facilities National Autonomous University of Mexico and initiated subsidies to provincial universities.


- There were major construction works such as National Medical Center.


- He implemented the plan's March to the Sea


He faced serious problems such as foot and mouth disease, droughts, floods and famine.


In practice, his administration had no relevant aspects, but was remarkable because he managed to unify the political of Veracruz. Besides he fought corruption and tax funds. He said "Unity Veracruz".


Finally Ruiz Cortines achieved political stability, serious economic problems that either the austerity or the control of public spending could reduce.

Miguel Aleman Valdez

This period is that of Miguel Aleman Valdez who became president by electoral fraud and was characterized by a flag of anticommunist , was a government worker subjected to forcing the unions to give up ideological reorientation and left all with the A support gone American States (USA . ) Using the media . It was also the decree that created the Federal Security Directorate ( DFS ) being the first director Marcelino Inzurrieta , reformed the collective agreement so that PEMEX could hire employees directly .





Reformed Article 27 of the constitution benefiting private investors , leaving no opportunity for small farmers, this resulted in the manifestation thereof. He had control of the workers and peasants but when EE . States entered the German game did not know how to react. Is accused of causing the Synarchists bloody encounters in the field by the intervention of the Americans in the Mexican territory by the arrival of FMD affecting the pray so they decided to sacrifice with the so called " stamping out " this generated a greater repudiation of the government .


German as a campaign against FMD where vaccination chooses , quarantine and slaughter only when necessary , he wanted it cárdenas spearhead but the general refused and advised him not being at the whims of the U.S. , but despite this change had been completed with about 700 000 head of cattle.


One problem most of the laborers was because the United States had ended the war and did not need Mexican politics and support of the peasants with the temporary contract . U.S. farmers chose to apply when needed but when not closed its borders to prevent the passage of the undocumented also known as wet . But they kept wet trying to pass causing serious problems in the border towns and to motivate them to live situations slave times .


And it was at this time where they made the few people who became rich , with its famous festivals in prestigious locations , offering peak years in supporting the wealth of minorities. And with the help of film crystallized the idea that natural laws were that the poor should be faithful and submissive , to the rich .


German to make known who it is that had the power , it was through the removal of governors an example of this was Marcelino García Barragán Jalisco governor who had supported the candidacy of Enriquez Guzman and his action was punished by the president. With these measures, the president implied that they had better politicians who will discipline . In six eight months had been dismissed six governors ( Governor of Jalisco , Tamaulipas , Chiapas , Oaxaca , Durango , Coahuila ) .


The CTM ignore low-wage policy so Vicente Lombardo Toledano a political opportunist think the Popular Party ( PP ) who later became socialist ( PPS ) . A mediated the presidency of Miguel Alemán had become a monarch who controlled everything and the economy was based on low wages and high prices. And under the public works building was a very large fortune was distributed among his closest people .


In 1947 there were shortages of raw materials, credit , inadequate transportation and obsolete machinery . The World War had ended and with it the export boom that was generated at inflation , capital flight became alarming . The president had promised not to devalue the peso had to make it $ 6.88 and finally to $ 8.65 per dollar , but warned his relatives to buy dollars and was a devaluation devastating had then industrialization anarchic and public works were just waste of capital.


The devaluation and rising products great discontent unleashed in oil union had a dispute over the direction that came to court to support President Díaz de León Jesus through violence took control , on the other hand I take national railways to lay off staff and to lower wages at their convenience.


The German crisis improved the korean war and foreign investment back, also picked successor being Luis Cortines and accept . Forming People Federation matches .

Lazaro Cardenas del Rio

What we see in this reading are important aspects that occurred in the period 1940-1946 , as first contributions that gave Lazaro Cardenas are: the oil expropriation , land distribution , the creation of the National Polytechnic Institute , legitimization of the ejido , education strengthening socialist workers with these revolutionary measures benefit the people, but vocal opposition from landlords , employers , church and people who had the power . All previous Cardenas saw as a " communist threat " .





Its effects are : capital flight, urban land speculation , prices down ( consumption ) , business groups ( big companies extrajeras ) , investment goes to low , falling income and GDP , there was economic crisis , unemployment excessive and disorder in public finances.


He rejected Cardenas caused certain conflicts , the two warlords who left benefit are : Joaquin Amaro and Juan Andrew Almazan ( ex Huerta , these two belong to the right) , announced their candidacies for the presidency of the Republic and spoke out against Cardenas ideas . He chose a successor for presidential bid but made ​​visible PRM game two seasons vigorous one with Francisco J. Miigica and Manuel Avila Camacho . The CTM , CNC, military and governors (one of whom was Michael German ) supported the latter candidate. The National Action Party (PAN ) was founded in 1939 by Manuel Gomez Morin , presented no candidate but supported Andrew Almazan .


For presidential elections and electoral fraud was tragedy , which , was killed . Gonzalo N. Santos tells how these events were cynically nationwide riots that made Ávila Camacho won , at first does not like as it was his triumph but the next day he resigned and change my mind . Almazan was exiled from the country and went to Cuba for an interview with the secretary of the United States ( Cordell Hull ) and offer support to the country , as they were in World War II , but he was not expected to Miguel Aleman had beaten him to provide some support , with this fact escapes Almazan .


On August 15, the electoral college is responsible for all the questions and choices. In September are two conferences: the almazanista and the officer . Almazan is declared elected president but with the death of his right hand ( Manuel Zarzosa ) resigns his post in November elections.


In the last state of Lázaro Cárdenas makes reference where it says that the government rejected the use of any right-wing people , rejects the concept undemocratic hoped that under President Avila Camacho follow ideas and implement ways to manage and lead to a common end to the country. But unfortunately it was not, because, Avila Camacho leaves cardenistas ideas and establishes the confidence of investors , changing the discourse and talk that is going to try his term . It relies on private companies , public spending for such enterprises, supports the private sector , subsidies, taxes , trade policies , tariffs, this has all the support of the private sector and is regarded as supreme arbiter of right and left to a left side . Cardenas was very present in political life but in no way was repeated Maximato , by 1940 the country had 19 million 600. In the same year the mural begins to decline , Siqueiros and Orozco had painted the core , cosmopolitan trend begins . Surrealism comes from Europe and is considered Mexico 's surreal . Spain house is formed , is of great importance and it becomes Mexico 's school .


In 1941 , Pepe Revueltas at 27 public water walls , recounts his experiences in the islands Marias . Appear writers like Octavio Paz and Efraín Huerta. The PRM labor sector was dominated with the CTM in the hands of Lombardo Toledano and the five wolves (people who are out of the CROM ) .


In the House of Representatives will begin to dismantle the disagreements and Avila Camacho . Maximino Avila Camacho , his brother , was one of them , since, always complained that he had not chosen to be secretary of government , then it was.


In 1942 in Mexico is developing the "golden age " with the national cinema , featuring actors of great stature and an example of them is Cantinflas . You start to see Avila futurism and controls it very well. The Germans sunk the " Potrero del Llano " . Surge the UN pact .


Avila Camacho continued his work and projects one of them was the IMS , workers at first refused, but after an amendment was accepted . Try to form a pact to discipline INDUSTRIAL WORKER - entrepreneurs and traders. Ruben Jaramillo went to farmers and influenced Mexican cartoon " The Holy Family Burrón " . They formed certain communications such as television , radio and newspapers.


In 1943 he begins to show shortages , price change was found . In December 1946 Avila Camacho handed the presidential sash to Alemán Valdés

Tragicomedia Mexicana

It´s about information of policy of Mexico







Conclusion





In conclusion presidents who ruled the country in this time period created more problems or not solve the present conflict, whichmade ​​the country did not have a change.





Authors:

Amy Mariana Osorio Rosales

Brenda Zamora Hernández

Itzel Benito Cano

Ana Gabriela Juárez Ocotoxtle

Leopoldo Enrique Garcia Sánchez